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North Texas Invasive Species Barrier Act of 2014
The North Texas Invasive Species Barrier Act of 2014 (; ) is a bill that would exempt the North Texas Municipal Water District (NTMWD) from prosecution under the Lacey Act for transferring water containing invasive species from Oklahoma to Texas.〔 The Lacey Act protects plants and wildlife by creating civil and criminal penalties for various violations, including transferring invasive species across state borders.〔 The exemption would allow water transfers to go ahead and happen.
The bill passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.〔
==Background==
The Lacey Act of 1900, or simply the Lacey Act () is a conservation law in the United States. Introduced into Congress by Rep. John F. Lacey, an Iowa Republican, the act was signed into law by President William McKinley on May 25, 1900. The Lacey Act protects both plants and wildlife by creating civil and criminal penalties for a wide array of violations. It prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, transported or sold. The law is still in effect, although it has been amended several times.〔"(Nation marks Lacey Act centennial, 100 years of federal wildlife law enforcement ). US Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved on July 7, 2010.〕
Invasive species, also called invasive exotics or simply exotics, is a nomenclature term and categorization phrase used for flora and fauna, and for specific restoration-preservation processes in native habitats, with several definitions. The first definition, the most used, applies to introduced species (also called "non-indigenous" or "non-native") that adversely affect the habitats and bioregions they invade economically, environmentally, and/or ecologically. Such invasive species may be either plants or animals and may disrupt by dominating a region, wilderness areas, particular habitats, or wildland-urban interface land from loss of natural controls (such as predators or herbivores). This includes non-native labeled as exotic pest plants and invasive exotics growing in native plant communities.〔Exotic Pest Plant Council. '(Exotic Pest Plants of Greatest Ecological Concern in California )' accessed 4/10/2010.〕 It has been used in this sense by government organizations〔(September 21, 2006). (National Invasive Species Information Center - What is an Invasive Species? ). ''United States Department of Agriculture: National Agriculture Library''. Retrieved on September 1, 2007.〕〔USA (1999). Executive Order 13112 of February 3, 1999: Invasive Species. Federal Register 64(25), 6183-6186.〕 as well as conservation groups such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the California Native Plant Society. The European Union defines "Invasive Alien Species" as those that are, firstly, outside their natural distribution area, and secondly, threaten biological diversity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Communication From The Commission To The Council, The European Parliament, The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions Towards An EU Strategy On InvasFpollive Species )〕 It is also used by land managers, botanists, researchers, horticulturalists, conservationists, and the public for noxious weeds.〔(Exotic Pest Plant Council ). p. 1. accessed 4/10/2010.〕 The kudzu vine (''Pueraria lobata''), Andean Pampas grass (''Cortaderia jubata''), and yellow starthistle (''Centaurea solstitialis'') are examples.
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